Which phenomenon occurs when radio waves hit a mass of small particles and scatter in many directions?

• A. Reflection
• B. Scattering
• C. Refraction
• D. Diffraction

Answer: (B)

Scattering occurs when radio waves hit a mass of small particles and spread in many directions. Each particle re-radiates part of the wave in various directions, so the energy isn’t confined to a single reflected path. This is different from reflection, where most energy bounces off a surface in one direction opposite the incoming ray; refraction, where the wave changes direction as it enters a different medium due to a change in speed; and diffraction, where the wave bends around edges or through openings. The size of the particles relative to the wavelength influences the pattern—very small particles tend to scatter energy widely, which is important to understand for radio propagation and multipath effects.